Humic substances are degraded bio-molecules. It makes up a large portion of the dark matter in humus and consists of heterogeneous mixtures of small-size molecules which arise from the biological transformation of dead cells and mutually associated. It can be separated in their small molecular components by chemical fractionation. Humic molecules are held together by weak hydrophobic bonds at neutral and alkaline pH and also by Hydrogen-bonds at low pH in supramolecular conformations.The major constituents of humic acid contribute to soil chemical and physical quality and are also precursors of some fossil fuels. It can also be found in peat, coal, many upland dystrophic lakes, streams and ocean water.
The use of humic acids has several benefits. In all over the world farmers make use of humic acid for fertilizer program. We can say biochemical active and plant responsive humic substance are naturally occurring humic acids. They can be applied directly to the plant shrubbery in liquid form, to the soil in the form of granules, as fertilizer mix.
Use of Proper Application of Humic Acid increase soil fertility, enhances humus contents, effectively chelates metals, increase soil phosphate availability, breaks up unproductive clay soils into profitable soils, increase soil microorganism’s metabolic activity, stimulates the respiration rates, increase root and top growth on a fresh and dry weight basis & enhance plant root uptake of K, P,Cu , Fe,Ca. Zn .
Humic Acid as such is not water soluble, but it’s salts such as Potassium Humate, Ammonium Humate are water soluble, hence converted and used in formulations (EC.), Liquid formulations are most popular as it is used for soil application are incorporated in drip irrigation or foliar application. Its is mainly applied to root zone in soil. Their proportion used is humic acid mixed in 1000-2000 liters of water and distributed over 1 acre land .There are also Humic Acid Granules (1.5% and 3%) which are very popular. These granules easily absorbs in soil so, the proportion used is 5 kgs Granules per acre land.
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Considering the effects, benefits and necessity of Humic Acid in the healthy growth and production of good quality of crops. The usage of Organic Fertilizer is the best option to replenish the nutrient level of the soil.
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